Llanelly

I'm slowly working my way through the huge amount of information on the brickworks of Llanelly in 'The Industrial and Maritime History of Llanelli and Burry Port 1750 to 2000', by R.S.Craig, R.Protheroe Jones and M.V.Symons, which really is an amazing source.

Bigin - SN 5104 0002

Bigin Brickworks (spelt 'Bigyn' today) was owned by T Williams & Co. Bricks marked 'T Williams & Co', 'Williams & Co' or 'Llanelly' come from this brickworks. It is on the 1880 maps but gone by 1907.

Cae - SN 5174 0044

Cae Brick Co occupied the site of Cae Colliery in 1916. It isn't shown on the 1905 map and by 1938, even though it's marked as a brickworks, no buildings are shown.

Bigin brickworks, 1880

Cae brickworks, 1916

'Cae Brick Co Llanelly'

Carreg Llwyn Quarry

A brickworks may have operated here some time between 1926 and c1950 using quarry shale. The location of the quarry is uncertain.

Copper Works - SS 5080 9915

Copper Works Brickworks, in existence in 1880, 'old kilns' in 1907 and later the site of Penrhos Pottery and the Stanley Brickworks

Copper Works brickworks, 1880

Copper Works brickworks, 1952

Dafen - SN 5286 0131

The Dafen Brick Works Co (later the Dafen Brick Co Ltd) was opened in 1890 though it doesn't appear on OS maps until 1915. it was for sale in 1899 and extended in 1910, using colliery shale from the Bryngwyn tip for brick-making. Later, high-grade shale was found in Capel Quarry, and in 1927 an aerial ropeway, of varying heights between 20 and 50 feet high, stretched over half a mile from the quarry to bring huge buckets of shale down to the kilns. It appears to have been working into the 1950s and possibly later.

Dafen brickworks, Llanelly, 1916

'Dafen'

'Dafen'

'Dafen Brick Llanelly Co'

Furnace - SN 5048 0127

'Coflein' record a brickyard here in 1809, owned by 'Mr Bowen' in 1830. A second brickworks in the area used clay from Cwmddyche Colliery to make bricks. This was owned by David Charles & Sons from c1860 to c1870

Machynys

Machynys 1 - SS 5090 9844
Machynys 2 - SS 5103 9821
Machynys 3 - SS 5117 9842

The three Machynys brickworks were all next to each other and it isn't clear which works belonged to whom. I hope I've got it right but if not, let me know.
Machynys 1 - Opened c1855 by William Thomas until 1894, then the 'Machynys Brick & Tile Co Ltd'. Richard Thomas took over in 1916 until the 1920s when the site became part of the Morfa Foundry.
Machynys 2 - This site opened c1868 and was owned by D Davies in the 1880s when it was known as 'New Dock Brickworks'. The Burry tinplate works was built on the site.
Machynys 3 - William Perret (or Philip) Francis operated this works from c1868 to c1884. The Brickfield Chemical Works used part of the site in 1877, later taking over the whole site.
John Richard Jones and Richard Baker were involved with the Machynys 2 and 3 brickworks in c1865 but how, who and which is unclear.

Machynys brickworks, 1880	Machynys brickworks, 1907	Machynys brickworks, 1916
'Machynys Llanelly'	'D Davies & Co Llanelly'	Bricks imprinted 'W P F' are from the Machynys 3 brickworks when operated by William Perrot Francis No Photograph available as yet

Morfa - SS 5196 9881
Morfa Patent - SS 5183 9876

The two adjacent Morfa brickworks were opened c1872, one by the 'Morfa Brick & Tile Co', the other by the 'Burry Brick & Tile Co' but which was which is unknown. Morfa brickwork closed in c1919, having been owned by a later 'Morfa Brick & Tile Co', 'William Thomas', 'Henry James & Son' and 'William Waddle Coombs'.
Morfa Patent Brick Works was working until c1905 under the ownerships of 'Frederick Pinn' and 'W Bowen & Son'.

Morfa brickworks, Llanelly, 1880

Morfa brickworks, Llanelly, 1907

Morfa brickworks, Llanelly, 1916

Bricks imprinted 'M B T C' are from the Morfa Brick & Tile Co No Photograph available as yet

Penygaer - SS 5178 0105

Penygaer brickworks operated from c1865 to 1883 by the Gough family from an adjacent clay mine.

Pwll - SN 4770 0090

Pwll brickworks was opened by 'Mason & Elkington' in c1870 as part of Pwll Colliery. Later owners include the 'Cwmparc Silica Brick Co Ltd' and finally the 'Pwll Coal & Brick Co Ltd'. It was also known as the 'Star Brickworks' using the imprint 'Star Pwll'. Clay was obtained from a number of local levels and had a tramway running alongside the BPGVR line to its own coal and clay level. The works closed in 1962.

Pwll brickworks, 1880

Pwll brickworks, 1907

Pwll brickworks, 1916

'Pwll'

Sandy - SN 4998 0067 (1880), SN 4985 0052 (1898)

There was a brickyard here in the 1840s owned by a David Morris, possibly on the Western side of the Llanelly and Mynydd Mawr Railway. The first Sandy Brickworks was on the Eastern side of the railway using clay from Cae-bad Colliery which shared the site. The brickworks and colliery worked from 1863 to 1889. The second Sandy Brickworks was set up to the South of the first, under different ownership. This works was open from 1893 to around 1907. The buildings are shown on the 1938 map but not with kilns and by 1951 the site was part of a wagon works.

Sandy brickworks, 1880	Sandy brickworks, 1897	Sandy brickworks, 1905
'Sandy Llanelly'	'Sandy Llanelly'

Stradey Brickworks - SN 4855 0069

Stradey Brickworks was built in 1908 when just one small building appears on that years OS map. It still appears on the 1970 OS map as 'disused' as brickmaking finished in 1966. A tramway ran from the works to a coal and clay level directly accessed by a bridge over the Dulais River. The brickworks used the imprint 'Stradd' from the 'Stradd Refractory Co' plus an 'F' for 'Fire' or 'L' for 'Ladle'. Examples exist in museums but I haven't found a photo of one.

Stradey brickworks, 1916

Stradey brickworks and tramway, 1916

Stradey brickworks, c1910

'Stradd'

Stanley Brickworks - SS 5080 9920

Stanley Brickworks, Llanelly, on the site of the Copper Works Brickworks (q.v.) in 1952

Other Brickworks and Brickmakers

William Webb senior & William Webb junior manufactured bricks probably using clay from local collieries. The location of works is not known. William F.Webb senior may have manufactured bricks from pre 1839 to post 1840. His son W.F.Webb definitely manufactured bricks pre 1851 – (1851-56).

Samuel Howell Bevan, later proprietor of Bryn Chemical Works, was stated in the 1881 Census to be a brick manufacturer; the identity of his works is not known.

The rest of Carmarthenshire

Ammanford - SN 6377 1244

Ammanford Colliery and Brickworks, The colliery is on the 1905 map with the brickworks next to it in 1915 and still there in 1962. It was part of British Anthracite Co in the late 1940s, early 1950s.

Pete Bowen tells this tale of finding his 'Ammanford' brick :-
"I have a brick, or to be more accurate, I have a brick which was in two pieces, but is now Araldited back together. It is stamped AMMANFORD and I guess it was made in the period 1947-1960. Maybe the interesting thing is that I collected it 45 miles away fromAmmanford on a scrap rock pile adjacent to a newish country house miles from anywhere called Bridgewater House, Wiston, Pembs., SA62 4PJ. The location is about 2 miles off the A40 and maybe 5 miles from the nearest rail line at Clarbeston Road Halt so no obvious local transport. I know some bricks travelled a long way, but I was still surprised to find it. Only one lonely brick and no idea how it got there."

Ammanford Brickworks, 1915	Ammanford Brickworks, 1948	Ammanford Brickworks, 1962
Ammanford Brickworks	'Ammanford Colliery'	Pete Bowens 'Ammanford' brick	'Ammanford'

Ammanford, Pont-y-clerc Brickworks - SN 6200 1150

Pont-y-clerc Brickworks, Pantyffynnon was opened around 1835 and owned by John Lloyd c1860 but he was bankrupt by 1871. It became the Pontyclerc Fire Brick Works & Anthracite Coal Co but they failed too and the works was auctoned in 1885. John and Joshua Lloyd took over in 1886, a different John Lloyd I assume, under a number of diffent company names. Finally the colliery became part of Amalgamated Anthracite Ltd and closed in 1934. The brickworks is shown on the 1938 map but marked 'disused' by 1948.

Pont-y-clerc Brickworks, 1876	Pont-y-clerc Brickworks, 1913	Pont-y-clerc Brickworks, 1948
Pont-y-clerc Brickworks	Auction sale of Brickworks in 1885	'Pontyclerc'
'Pontyclerc'	'P C', possibly from Pontyclerc	'P C', possibly from Pontyclerc

Blaenau, near Pen-y-groes - SN 6015 1310

A 'Brick Field' and what appears to be a block of kilns is shown on the 1878 map. it was adjacent to Blaenau-Saron Colliery but both colliery and kilns had gone by 1905. The whole area has been subject to open-cast mining and landscaped.

Blaenau brickfield, 1878

Brondini, near Five Roads - SN 4937 0673

A small brickworks is shown here on the 1878 map. it was ready to open in 1879 but had gone by 1903.

Brondini brickworks, 1878

Brondini brickworks press report

Brynamman, Amman Brick Works - SN 7150 1394

Amman Brick Co Ltd, Brynamman, occupied the site of the Amman Ironworks some time after 1905 when the ironworks closed. It had disappeared by 1948.

Amman Brickworks, 1913

Amman Brickworks, 1948

'Amman Brick Brynamman'

'Brynamman'

Burry Port

Achddu - SN 4493 0162

Achddu Brickworks was open from the late 1920s to 1948 on the site of Achddu Colliery which had closed in 1917. It skillfully avoided appearing on any OS maps.

New Lodge - SN 4603 0116

New Lodge colliery and brickworks was opened c1850 by Mason & Elkington, becoming the New Lodge Colliery & Fire Brick Co Ltd in 1882, William Watkeys Ltd in c1907 and the Achddu Colliery Co Ltd in 1911. Both colliery and brickworks are shown as 'disused' in 1913 and seem to have closed completely by 1932.

New Lodge brickworks, 1879

New Lodge brickworks, 1913

New Lodge brickworks, 1938

Bynea

Bynea - SS 5524 9903

The Bynea Silica Brick Co was working before 1879 but was marked 'disused' by 1938 and doesn't appear on the 1949 map. I've not come across an example of a proper 'Bynea' brick but the 'BD' bricks were found in Bynea.

Glynea - SS 5483 9915

The Glynea Pit was opened c1863 by the Neville's of Llanelly and closed c1926. The brickworks appears on the 1907 and 1916 maps. It was later owned by The Glynea Coal and Brick Co in 1896 when they were advertising for a manager and The Glynea and Castle Coal and Brick Co by 1908.

Bynea brickworks, 1879	Bynea brickworks, 1916	'BD' found in Bynea	'BD' found in Bynea
Glynea brickworks, 1907	Glynea brickworks advert, 1896	'Glynea Co Bynea'	Glynea brickworks and wagon

Carmarthen - SN 4060 1960

Brickworks under the A40 Carmarthen By-pass roundabout, active c1880 - 1890 and shown as disused in 1906.

Carmarthen, Dol-Gwili - SN 4303 2165

Dol-Gwili Brick and Tile Works, Carmarthen Brick Co. also under a different A40 roundabout, active c1880 to 1906 but gone by 1938.

Carmarthen Brickworks,1890

Dol-Gwili Brickworks,1906

Cynghordy - SN 7985 4105

The Cynghordy brickworks was developed by British Anthracite Co Ltd from the late 1950s/early 1960s. British Fuel Co (South Wales) Ltd had acquired the business by 1975 but it is not known if it was still operating at that time. The site was cleared by 1978. Cynghordy may be the site of the 'Llandovery Terra Cotta Brick & Tile Co Ltd', c1910, more details under 'Llandovery'.

Cynghordy Brickworks	'Cynghordy Metallic'	'Cynghordy'
'Cynghordy'	'Cynghordy'	'Cynghordy' with a double inprint

Gors-goch Colliery - SN 5710 1315

Three brick kilns are shown at Gors-goch Colliery on the 1876 OS map. The works was opened by Benjamin Jones before 1872 when it became part of the 'Llanelly Anthracite Coal Co'. It was for sale in 1880 but may not have found a buyer as the site was disused by 1905. This site was only discovered after David Martin found the brick !

Gors-goch Colliery brickworks, 1876

'Gorsgoch Llanelly'

'Llanelly Anthracite Coal Co' notice

Gors-goch Colliery sale notice

Horeb, Eclipse Brickworks - SN 5009 0529

Blackthorn Brick Works Co was founded in 1907 becoming the Eclipse Brick Co Ltd by 1914 and The Horeb Brick Co Ltd by 1926. It was said to have closed in 1967. Mike Stokes visited the derelict site on 3rd April 1995 and reported "the stack was still standing and most of a Hoffman kiln. Access was only possible down the abandoned railway line. Many bricks were scattered around with 'OB' on them, also some white/yellow with 'ATLAS' stamped on them". Gareth Hugh Davies also visited the site in 2008 and recorded the ruins.

The Eclipse brickworks, 1915	The Eclipse brickworks, 1960	The Eclipse brickworks kiln, Horeb	The Eclipse brickworks kiln, Horeb
The Eclipse brickworks kiln, Horeb	The Eclipse brickworks, Horeb	The Eclipse brickworks, Horeb	The Eclipse brickworks, Horeb
The Eclipse brickworks, Horeb	The Eclipse brickworks, Horeb
'Horeb' from the Eclipse brickworks	'Horeb' from the Eclipse brickworks	'OB' from the Eclipse brickworks	'Atlas' from the Eclipse brickworks

Kidwelly

Dinas - SN 4100 0622

Dinas Brickworks was working from 1865 to 1950s, opened by 'Redford & Harris' and by 1884 the firm were trading as 'G Redford & Co'. By 1899 it was in the hands of 'H & HE Smart', possibly involved with the tinplate trade, producing fire bricks under the name of brand 'R Dinas'. According to a 1915 map there were six kilns on the site at that time. Two sidings connected the works to the GVR. The firm remained in existence until at least the 1950s as 'Smarts Dinas Silica Co Ltd' Quay Road, Kidwelly. It seems that Smart amalgamated with both Stephens and Penwyllt Dinas Silica Co as all three had offices at Quay Road, Kidwelly. It is also possible that Smart took over the operation of Young’s railway and locomotive after the demise of the latter’s business.

Kidwelly, Site 1 - SN 4025 0642

This location was the first site of Kidwelly Brickworks, to the north of Kidwelly station, in operation from 1858 to c.1903. It was opened c.1858 by William Edwards of Swansea. Later Frederick & Jenner, possibly of Glenneath were running it and by c.1895 the works may have been owned by Daniel Stephens. An 'F J Stephens' was manager of Abernant Dinas Silica Brick Co, Glyn Neath in 1891 and may have been related. The works was not working in 1908.

Kidwelly, Site 2 - SN 3991 0614

A brick kiln and brickfield are shown here just below Kidwelly brickworks in 1880 only, beside the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway and old canal.

Mynydd-y-Garreg - SN 4354 0930

Alexander Young's Brickworks worked from 1900 to c.1927. In 1877 Alexander Young built a bank of lime kilns at Penymynydd Farm, Four Roads. These stood adjacent to Young’s standard gauge railway, presumably built at the same time as the kilns, which ran to a junction with the GVR at Mynydd-y-Garreg. The bank of kilns was said to be massive, being 120ft wide and 60ft high. A 0-4-0ST locomotive by the name of 'Duxbury' worked the line c1905. In 1900 Alexander Young built a silica brickworks on land near Graig, north of Mynydd-y-Garreg. Alexander Young died in c1903-04 and the business was carried on by William Young, possibly his son, trading as 'A Y Dinas Silica Brick & Lime Co'. By 1917 there were plans to enlarge the works from four kilns to six with additional machinery, and to be powered by a stationary gas engine which would replace an old steam engine. Bricks used in the construction came from Trimsaran and Hancocks(?) brickworks as their own silica bricks were not suitable for general construction works as they deteriorate quickly in wet weather. At the same time as the extension was built a new siding was laid on Young’s railway alongside the works. An inclined narrow gauge tramway was also installed in the winter of 1917, but because of operating difficulties this was probably not used much. By 1922 the works were said to be in the hands of the 'Amalgamated Dinas Silica Brick Co Ltd'. The works probably closed in 1921 but kept intact with the hope of re-opening. The company was wound up in 1927 and most of the equipment sold. Some buildings may have remained up to the time of WW2.

Stephens Silica Brick Co - SN 4020 0637

The second site of Kidwelly Brickworks, to the south of of the railway station, was working from 1903 to 1965 having been opened by Alderman Daniel Stephens. In 1904 a siding was built to the GWR. Twenty kilns were built at the works over various periods with at least 18 available for use at one period. Stephens worked silica from Mynydd-y-Garreg and this was brought into the works via the Gwendraeth Valley Railway (GVR) over the GWR at Kidwelly. In 1910 a locomotive was acquired to work this traffic, with another acquired in 1917 and a third in 1947, all built by Pecketts of Bristol. In addition, 2ft 6in gauge locomotives worked the quarries at SN 432083 from 1925 until the mid 1950s. The 1915 map shows a considerable number of sidings at the Brick Works. Up to 1927 the firm was known as Stephens & Co, but later as Stephens Silica Brick Co Ltd and closed in 1965.

Kidwelly Brickworks and kiln, 1880	Kidwelly Brickworks, 1913	Dinas Silica brickworks, 1913	Mynydd-y-Garreg brickworks, 1905
'Stephens'	'Stephens'	'Stephens & Co'	'S & Co'
'R Dinas'	'A Y Dinas'
'Dinica'	'Dinica'	'Dinica No 2'

Llandeilo - SN 6120 2061

A brickworks is shown here in 1876 and 1905 but had gone by 1948. It was probably the 'Llandeilo Brick and Tile Co', listed by Coflein but in a dummy location.

Llandeilo Brickworks, 1876

Llandeilo Brickworks, 1905

Llandovery

The 'Llandovery Terra Cotta Brick & Tile Co Ltd' existed in 1909 when it was involved in legal proceedings with a Leeds company, 'W Johnson & Son Ltd'. The Llandovery company was liquidated in 1909 but appears to have re-started in 1910. Cynghordy is mentioned in one report so perhaps it was an early venture at the site of what became the Cynghordy brickworks. There seems to be nothing on the OS maps at either Llandovery or Cynghordy at that time. A cheque for the 'Llandovery Terra Cotta Brick & Tile Co Ltd' exists with a printed date of '190x'.

'Llandovery Terra Cotta Brick & Tile Co Ltd'	Llandovery legal report, 25 March 1909	Llandovery legal report, 23 April 1909
Llandovery sale notice, 16 July 1909	Llandovery press report, 9 December1910

Llangennech - SN 5555 0120

Llangennech Brick and Tile Co was established between 1907 and 1916 and was still standing in 1964.

Llangennech Brickworks, 1935

'Llangennech'

'LBT'

Llangennech, Talyclyn - SN 5747 0348

The brickworks and colliery at Talyclyn were opened c1850 becoming the 'Talyclyn Colliery and Brickworks Co' from 1885 to 1900. It was then owned by Thomas Williams and Sons, Llangennech (TW&S) and closed by the NCB in 1952. The site is now buried beneath the M4 motorway.

Talyclyn Brickworks, 1875	Talyclyn Brickworks, 1905	Talyclyn Brickworks, 1948
'Talyclyn'	'Talyclyn TW&S Firebrick'	'Talyclyn TW&S Firebrick'

Llanybyther - SN 5038 4226

I'm assuming that Llanybyther Brickworks is the brickworks shown on the map at Highmead. I'm told that a large walled garden was built there in the 1860s for which the brickworks may have been built. The brickworks only appears on the 1887 map and is already marked as 'disused'.

Llanybyther Brickworks, 1887

'Llanybyther'

'Llanybyther'

Pen-y-groes, Emlyn Brickworks - SN 5841 1351

Emlyn Brick Company Limited was formed on 22/12/1920, previously Emlyn Anthracite Collieries Ltd and latterly owned by Aeron Thomas. The kiln was built in 1911, a 16 chamber Hoffman type built by Manchester Kiln who supplied the lining and Emlyn supplied the bricks at a cost of £536. Previously, beehive kilns had been used on site. Two vintage presses made by Bradley & Craven of Wakefield were said to be 80 and 100 years old and are now in Swansea Museum. The brick making capacity was 70,000 per week, rising to 90,000 per week when a new draught improver was installed on 3rd April 1995. Castle Brick Co. was formed in 9/2/1994. In the office were photos of the anthracite colliery, 1901, 1906 and 1931. (as reported by Mike Stokes in April 1995)

Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes, 1915	Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes, 1962
Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes	Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes	Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes	Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes
Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes	Emlyn Brickworks, Pen-y-groes	Emlyn Brickworks, Penygroes	'Emlyn Colliery'
'Emlyn' type 1	'Emlyn' type 2	'Emlyn' type 3	'Emlyn' type 4

Pontyates, Ynys-Hafren Brickworks - SN 4779 0863

The brickworks at Ynys-Hafren was in use by 1809 when it was advertised for sale as at Cwmgelwr. On the 1840s Tithe Maps this appears to be the farm now known as Ffou-Fawr, the current Cwmgelwr farm being further East. The works is named 'Ynys-Hafren Brick Works on the 1878 OS map. By 1903 it had gone but a circular kiln is shown, being marked 'old kiln' in 1913.

Advert for Cwmgelwr brickworks

Ynys-Hafren Brickworks, 1878

Ynys-Hafren Brickworks, 1913

St Clears

Four brickworks existed at St Clears - Upper, Lower, Victoria and one other, though I don't know which was which. They were situated at :-
SN 2820 1578 - 1886 to 1905 maps, not shown on the 1948 map
SN 2797 1524 - shown on maps from 1886 to 1948
SN 2822 1526 - shown on 1886 and 1905 maps, 'old brickworks on the 1948 map
SN 2806 1497 - only shown on the 1886 map
Between 1891 and 1906 the Upper and Lower Brickworks were owned by Benjamin and William Howell and the Victoria Brickworks by T D Mason.
David John (of Green Park Terrace) and Jonah Howell are also listed as brickmakers during this period according to Kelly's Directory.

St Clears Brickworks, 1905

St Clears Brickworks, 1905

St Clears Brickworks, 1886

Trimsaran - SN 4657 0527

The 'Trimsaran Brick Co' had been operating at the Trimsaran Upper Colliery since around 1900, mentioned as the 'Trimsaran Colliery and Brickworks Co' in 1915. The colliery passed to the NCB and the brickworks to the 'British Anthracite Co' and seems to have closed in 1967. The brickworks was demolished in 1973.

Trimsaran Brickworks, 1906	Trimsaran Brickworks, 1914	Trimsaran Brickworks, 1955	Trimsaran Brickworks, 1955
Trimsaran Brickworkers, 1962	Trouble at the Brickworks, 1910	'Trimsaran'	'Trimsaran'
'Trimsaran Metallic type 1'	'Trimsaran Metallic type 2'	'Trimsaran Metallic type 3'

Pembrokeshire

Angle - SM 8541 0311

The Angle Brick Works was established in the 1880′s by the Angle Estate. At that time there were 3 kilns. The products included bricks of several varieties, roof and quarry tiles, ridge tiles, and drain pipes. Later, blocks of simulated stone were produced.

Angle brickworks, 1906	Angle brickworks, 1948	'Angle'
Angle brickworks	Angle brickworks

Goodwick, Fishguard - SM 9406 3764

Open by 1907 as Fishguard Harbour Brickworks Co Ltd probably with the 'support' of the GWR to build housing for their new port facilities. By 1910 when the port development was complete, the works became Goodwick Brickworks Co Ltd. In 1946 it was part of the British Anthracite Co Ltd and the works closed in 1969. The quarry used RH 193973 on the 2' gauge quarry lines, purchased new in 1938 and scrapped in 1970.

Goodwick Brickworks, 1937

'Goodwick'

'Goodwick'

Hean Castle, Saundersfoot - SN 1433 0598

The brickworks adjacent to the iron foundry at Hean Castle was founded in 1845 by Thomas Stokes and closed in c1887. It traded as Tenby Silica Co in c1860, Hean Castle Brick Co in c1864 and Woolston Firebrick Works c1867. Bricks were originally imprinted 'Stokes Saundersfoot Pembroke' and from c1864 'Hean Castle Tenby Patent'. The imprint 'Stokes Anthracite Firebrick' probably refers to clay found under the seams of anthracite in the Pembrokeshire coalfiled.

Hean Castle brickworks, 1849	Hean Castle brickworks, 1889	'Stokes Saundersfoot Pembroke'	'Stokes Anthracite Fire Brick'
'S' in a diamond	'Hean Castle Tenby Patent'	'7' from Hean Castle Brickworks	'7' from Hean Castle Brickworks

Johnston, Haverfordwest - SM 9332 1113

Johnston Brick and Tile Co, owned by G E Carrow & Co, mentioned in Kellys Directory from 1895 to 1920

Landshipping - SN 0041 1001

A brick kiln is shown on the 1865 OS Map and a brickyard close by in 1907.

Pen-y-cwm, near Newgale - SM 8439 2290

A brickworks and tramway are shown as 'disused' on the 1907 OS Map in Cwm Mawr

Johnston brickworks, 1908

'J B & T'

Pen-y-Cwm brickworks, 1907

Porthgain - SM 8145 3253

Porthgain is better known for its slate qaurries but around 1889 they were deprived of their main quarry. They built a brickworks beside the harbour, using a mix of clay and crushed slate to produce 50,000 brick per week. Porthgain Quarries Ltd became United Stone Firms Ltd in 1904 and brick-making ended in 1912. The quarries carried on until 1931 when all activity ceased.

Porthgain Brickworks

Side 1 from Porthgain Brickworks

Side 2 from Porthgain Brickworks

'Porthgain'

Slebech - SN 0356 1446

'Coflein' identify the area around 'Brickfield Bottom' as a likely site for a brickworks.

Templeton - SN 1129 1094

Templeton Brickworks opened circa 1868 to become the 'Templeton Dinas Brick and Cement Co'. The rock used to make the bricks was sourced from 3 local Templeton quarries, Cleggars, North Hill and Whitehouse. They have an entry in a trade directory for 1926 but thw works closed about this time. Gary Davies has found some bricks imprinted on the sides and says :- "They seem to come in two colours which I have discovered over the years. The yellow ones are possibly fireclay from Bonvilles Court Colliery in Saundersfoot as (it has been said that’s where the fireclay was sourced) they are the same colour as the bricks that come from Wisemans Bridge, Woodside Brickworks which definitely used the Collieries fireclay deposits."

Templeton brickworks, 1907	'Templeton'		'T'
'Templeton'	'Templeton'	'Templeton'	'Templeton'

Dedicated to the work of Mike Stokes

The 'Brickworks of South Wales' was the work of the late Mike Stokes on his excellent website, The Brickworks of South Wales. Following Mike's untimely death his website is inaccessible and may suddenly go offline so I have transcribed it here and am expanding it as time allows.

Acknowledgments, sources and further reading.

A great many other people have supplied information and photos to add to the story, so many thanks to (alphabetically) Graham Bennett, Mike Bennett, Peter Caldwell, Martin Connop Price, Ian Cooke, Darran Davies, Gareth Hugh Davies, Gary Davies, Steve Davies, Richard Evans, 'Fforestfach History', Martyn Fretwell, Glyn Harries, Andrew Harvard, Thomas Henderson, Tracey Hucker, Glen Johnson, Kes Jones, Mike Kilner, David Kitching, Frank Lawson, Norman Lowe, Frank Moore, Stephen Parry, Richard Paterson, Ian Pickford, Tyrone Puddle, Glyn Roberts, Dave Sallery, Lawrence Skuse, Ian Suddaby, Templeton Heritage Group, Gareth Thomas, Stephanie Thomas, David Wood amonst many others.

The brickworks of Llanelly are well documented in 'The Industrial and Maritime History of Llanelli and Burry Port, 1750 to 2000' by R.S.Craig, R.Protheroe Jones & M.V.Symons. It was published by Carmarthenshire County Council in 2002 and runs to 672 pages with 61 plates, 24 figures and maps, ISBN 0906 821 584, (out of print and quite expensive !!)

The 'Old Bricks' website is the best source of info on bricks and brickworks in the UK :- Old Bricks - history at your feet

For very good coverage of Scottish bricks and quite a bit about other places too :- Scottishbrickhistory.co.uk

Martyn Feltwell has two very good sites here :- East Midlands Named Bricks and UK Named Bricks
There is a specialist society for brick history :- britishbricksoc.co.uk

There's also a 'Facebook' group for bricks and brickworks :- Facebook 'Bricks and Brickworks past' group